In J.B. Priestley's thought-provoking play, "An Inspector Calls," Mr. Arthur Birling is a prominent character whose portrayal serves as a lens through which the author conveys critical themes and social commentary. As you delve into GCSE English, understanding how Priestley presents Mr. Birling is essential for a comprehensive analysis of the text. In this blog post, we will explore the multifaceted character of Mr. Birling, his traits, role, and significance in the play.
Mr. Arthur Birling is introduced as a prosperous businessman, a symbol of the upper-class bourgeoisie in Edwardian England. He is characterized by his arrogance, self-assuredness, and conservative viewpoints. From the outset, Mr. Birling's personality is evident through his dismissal of socialist ideologies, such as the idea of a "community" and the responsibility one holds for others. His belief in individualism is emblematic of the prevailing attitude in society during the early 20th century.
Mr. Birling plays a crucial role in the unfolding of the narrative. As the head of the Birling family, he sets the tone for the evening's dinner and discussion. His daughter's engagement to Gerald Croft, a fellow member of the upper class, seems to be a cause for celebration. However, it's during this gathering that Inspector Goole's arrival sets in motion a chain of events that challenge Mr. Birling's worldviews.
Priestley employs Mr. Birling as a representative of capitalist values and the establishment. The Inspector's probing questions expose the flaws in Mr. Birling's thinking, making him a vehicle for the author's critique of the social and moral decay prevalent in society. Through Mr. Birling, Priestley highlights the callousness of the upper class towards the less fortunate, as seen in his dismissive attitude toward Eva Smith's plight.
Mr. Birling's character holds immense significance in "An Inspector Calls" for several reasons:
Symbol of Entrenched Beliefs: Mr. Birling represents the obstinacy of the upper class in clinging to their traditional values. His unwavering faith in capitalism and his disregard for the consequences of his actions reflect the societal attitudes that Priestley criticizes.
Narrative Catalyst: Mr. Birling's actions, along with those of his family, serve as a catalyst for Inspector Goole's investigation. His involvement with Eva Smith directly connects him to the central mystery of the play, leading to the exposure of the family's collective guilt.
Evolution of Character: Throughout the play, Mr. Birling's character undergoes development. Initially confident in his beliefs, he becomes increasingly uncomfortable and anxious as the Inspector's questioning progresses. This transformation highlights the fragility of his convictions when confronted with moral dilemmas.
Moral Paradox: Mr. Birling's character embodies a moral paradox. He preaches self-reliance and individualism while simultaneously displaying a lack of empathy for the suffering of others. This paradox underscores Priestley's critique of the prevailing social order.
In "An Inspector Calls," J.B. Priestley masterfully presents Mr. Arthur Birling as a complex character whose beliefs and actions embody the values and flaws of the upper class in Edwardian England. Mr. Birling's character serves as a vehicle for the author's social critique and moral exploration, making him a pivotal figure in the play's narrative. As you delve deeper into your GCSE English studies, keep in mind the significance of Mr. Birling's character in unraveling the layers of this thought-provoking text.
