This topic introduces energy stores, transfers and systems, helping students understand how energy is conserved and transformed in everyday situations. Students learn about work done, power, efficiency, heating, energy resources and their environmental impact. The topic builds strong calculation ski
Harness the invisible force that powers our world. Electricity flows as a charged river of electrons, lighting our homes and driving innovation. From lightning to microchips, it is the fundamental energy of technology. Understanding its flow unlocks our ability to create and revolutionize the future
The Particle Model describes all matter as tiny, moving particles. Their arrangement and motion define a substance's state. Particles are ordered in solids, flow loosely in liquids, and move freely in gases. This explains properties like density and how thermal energy causes changes of state.
An atom is the basic unit of matter. Its dense nucleus contains protons and neutrons, orbited by electrons. The number of protons defines the chemical element. The arrangement of the surrounding electrons determines how atoms bond and react with one another.
A force is a push or pull that acts on an object. It can change an object's motion by altering its speed or direction, or deform its shape. Forces are measured in Newtons. They include contact forces, like friction, and non-contact forces, like gravity and magnetism.
